Quantum Hardware

Umbrella concept encompassing all physical implementations of quantum bits (qubits) and the supporting infrastructure for quantum information processing.

Quantum hardware spans multiple technology families:

• Superconducting — Josephson-junction-based circuits (transmon, fluxonium, flux qubit, etc.)
• Trapped Ion — Individual ions confined in electromagnetic traps
• Semiconducting — Spin qubits in quantum dots (Si, Ge, GaAs)
• Photonic — Single photons or bosonic modes
• Topological — Majorana zero modes and related non-Abelian anyons
• Neutral Atom — Atoms in optical tweezers/lattices

See the Qubit Zoo for a comprehensive catalog of qubit implementations.