First experimental demonstration of strong coupling between a single photon in a high-quality-factor superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator and a Cooper pair box qubit (circuit QED). Observed vacuum Rabi splitting, confirming that a superconducting cavity coupled to a nonlinear circuit element achieves the strong-coupling regime of quantum electrodynamics on a chip. This landmark experiment validated the Blais et al. 2004 theoretical proposal.