Shows that universal quantum computation can be achieved using only the isotropic Heisenberg exchange interaction between electron spins — no single-spin rotations or magnetic field gradients needed. Three spins encode one logical qubit in a decoherence-free subspace.

Key Results

  • Logical qubit: 3 physical spins in the S=1/2 subspace
  • Only exchange interactions required (all-electrical control)
  • Immune to collective dephasing (decoherence-free subspace)
  • Universal gate set from exchange pulses on 3 pairs