Electro-optic microwave-to-optical transduction in the quantum-enabled regime, with sub-photon input noise and percent-level total efficiency.

Key Results

  • 0.16 input noise photons at 8.7% total bidirectional transduction efficiency
  • Up to 15% total efficiency at 0.41 input noise photons
  • Internal pure conversion efficiency up to 99.5% under pulsed pumping